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Red Arrow was branding given to two current and several former London bus limited stop routes used as high frequency commuter services in central London. The most recent Red Arrow services were routes 507 and 521, until the name was dropped in September 2009. ==History== London Transport had instigated a Bus Reshaping Plan in 1966 to examine bus service operation, and settled on replacing some double-decker buses with long single-decker buses, which would have extra capacity by implementing a 'standee bus' model as used on the continent, whereby the fixed seating in the bus would be minimised to that required off-peak, with hand holds fitted to allow maximum standee capacity at peak times. These buses would also have dual doors. The concept was introduced with on 18 April 1966 with six AEC Merlin buses on a new express service, route 500, running between Victoria and Marble Arch, extended during shopping hours to Oxford Circus.〔 On 7 September 1968 LT introduced these new buses on more Red Arrow routes, 501-507, along with wholesale introduction on several other route networks around the capital.〔 The following years saw changes to the Red Arrow route network, in June 1969 a minor adjustment to 505, and the addition of the 508. In the summer of 1969 route 509 replaced 508 and in 1970 route 513 was added. By 1972, the new single deck model of operation had not been overly successful in the other areas and were withdrawn. However, on the central London Red Arrow 'people-moving' work, between the southern edge railway terminals Victoria and Waterloo and the City, they were proving a success and were retained. The Red Arrow Network as of 1972 was: *500 Victoria station - Park Lane - Oxford Street - Marble Arch - Park Lane - Victoria station *501 Waterloo station - Aldwych - Holborn - St Paul's - Bank - London Bridge station *502 Waterloo station – Aldwych – Fleet Street - St Paul's – London Wall - Liverpool Street station *503 Waterloo station – Westminster Bridge - Victoria station *505 Waterloo station - Aldwych - Holborn – Old Street – Shoreditch Church *506 Victoria station – Green Park – Piccadilly Circus *507 Waterloo station – Lambeth Bridge - Victoria station *513 Waterloo station - Aldwych - Fleet Street - St Paul's – Cannon Street - London Bridge station From April 1981, London Transport started replacing Merlin buses on the Red Arrow routes with Leyland National IIs. Further expansions, contractions and renumbering of the route network occurred, but the core Red Arrow network remained into the 1980s, and into London Buses operation with the London General business unit, as part of the first stage of the privatisation of London bus services. Between 1992 and 1994, the 41 National IIs on Red Arrow duties were re-bodied and re-engined as Leyland National Greenways, and in 1994 were included in the sale of London General to the Go-Ahead Group. The Greenways were given 'cherished registrations' transferred from disposed of AEC Routemasters, to hide their apparent registration age for seemingly new buses. With a subtle repaint, the Greenways continued operating the Red Arrow branded network, although by 1998 it had been contracted to just four routes, 501, 505, 507 and 521. Route 505 was withdrawn in 2000 and 501 in 2002. On 2 June 2002, the remaining two Red Arrow routes 507 and 521, became the first London Bus routes to be converted to articulated buses. A fleet of articulated Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530Gs entered service from that date. Being commuter routes, and so little used outside peak times, these routes were suitable to test the articulated on, and resembled the original standee bus concept, now with off bus fare collection. Additionally, route 521 ran through the Strand Underpass making double decker operation impossible. The artics still carried the Red Arrow name, although it is was much smaller and less pronounced than all the previous versions. As of 2008, the peak operating requirement was nine buses on the 507 and 19 on the 521.〔Buses Magazine, August 2008 issue, page 5, Ian Allan Publishing〕 As part of the move to replace London's articulated buses, a commitment made in the 2008 London Mayoral election, the articulated buses on the 507 and 521 were replaced when their contracts expired in 2009. The articulated Citaros were replaced by new 12 metre rigid versions. On 25 July 2009 a weekend service was introduced on route 507, the first weekend service for a Red Arrow route. Route 521 converted to rigid operation on 1 September 2009. The new Citaros do not carry the Red Arrow name, as it is thought now to be associated with articulated buses. This has drawn criticism, as there is nothing to distinguish the buses from normal services. Another criticism of bendy buses was the low number of seats, with only 49 per vehicle. A standard rigid Citaro has 44 seats, however the new ones for route 507 and 521 have just 21, with room for up to 76 standees, leading to criticism the new buses were "cattle trucks" and even more crowded than the buses they replaced. Despite the increase in frequency, the total number of seats has dropped. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Arrow (bus)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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